White-Seam Bettas
A 15-gallon aquarium is a suitable space for a breeding group of two female and four male white-seam bettas. They will not fight much, though they will flare their gills at each other in defense of some personal space. Flowerpots, driftwood and halved coconut shells make excellent territories. A covering of floating or suspended plants completes all the tank decor the fish need. Lighting should be dim, but these fish will get used to brighter lighting, as long as disturbances outside the tank are kept to a minimum.White-seam bettas are not picky about water chemistry, as long as the water is in the soft to moderate range (total dissolved solids of 50 to 200 parts per million, KH 0 to 3, pH 6.0 to 7.2). The temperature should be 74 to 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Slow water movement is better than current, so a small air-driven sponge filter will provide plenty of filtration. Weekly partial water changes of 20 to 30 percent with clean, aged water are sufficient to maintain a healthy habitat.
Breeding Minnows
), Which occurs throughout the eastern states in cool and clear upland streams with permanent strong flow, and gravel or rock bottoms. It spawns on riffles, or optionally on the nests of other minnows. You can breed them in a 20-gallon aquarium with current from powerheads. Feed them vegetable flakes supplemented with blackworms, brine shrimp and bloodworms. Use a plastic shoebox with gravel or pebbles as a spawning site. Collect eggs for a week by leaving the box in the adult tank. Then move the box to a separate rearing aquarium before they hatch, providing only sponge filtration. The large fry take Artemia nauplii as a first food, but larger spawns will be raised if they are also provided with green water.Luxilus have elongated scales in the front of the body, origin of the dorsal fin directly over the origin of the pelvic fins and nine anal fin rays. The nuptial male has prominent hooked tubercles on his snout. These mostly large minnows require 20- to 50-gallon aquaria for a group of six. Most are broadcasters, some spawning over the pits of chubs. Three groups are distinguishable:
